Answers to Practice 3 ( Who was responsible for the Iraq-Kuwait War?)
Section A (Source-Based Case Study)
1 (a) Study
Source A.
What is the message of the source? Explain your answer. [5]
What is the message of the source? Explain your answer. [5]
Level
|
Descriptors/Examples
|
Marks
|
L1
|
Describes the
source OR Misinterpretation of source.
|
1
|
L2
|
Inference/s,
unexplained/ unsupported.
E.g. I can infer that Kuwait was responsible for the outbreak of the
war.
E.g. I can infer that the Iraq-Iran war has a
negative impact on Iraq.
|
2
|
L3
|
Inference/s, explained
and supported.
E.g. I can infer that Kuwait was responsible for the outbreak of the
war because Kuwait antagonised Iraq for its unwillingness to write off the
debt which Iraq owed her. The evidence is “Kuwait's reluctance to pardon the debt created strains
in the relationship between the two Arab countries.”
E.g. I can infer that the Iraq-Iran war had a
negative impact on Iraq because the war had caused economic damage to Iraq.
The evidence is “Iraq
was not in a financial position to repay the US$14 billion it borrowed from
Kuwait to finance its war and requested Kuwait to forgive the debt.”
|
3
|
L4
|
Detects the message of the source.
Award 4
marks for weak (wrong audience / weak explanation) and supported message.
Award 5
marks for explained and supported message.
E.g. The message of the source is to criticise/
condemn Kuwait
OR raise awareness to the world for causing the war / being responsible for
the war as Kuwait had antagonised Iraq / caused tension / hostility / anger
in Iraq for its unwillingness to write off the debt which Iraq owed her. The
evidence is “Kuwait's
reluctance to pardon the debt created strains in the relationship between the
two Arab countries.”
|
4-5
|
(b) Study Sources B and C.
How similar are these sources? Explain your answer. [8]
Level
|
Descriptors/Examples
|
Marks
|
L1
|
Use
of content but no valid matching.
|
1
|
L2
|
Similarity/Difference
based on provenance/source type/topic.
Valid
matching of evidence but criteria / explanation is wrong / invalid / missing.
|
2
|
L3
|
Similarity
OR Difference in Content, unsupported.
Award 3 marks for 1 similarity/
difference, unsupported / unexplained.
Award 4 marks for similarity and
difference, unsupported / unexplained.
E.g. Both sources are similar in
saying that oil was the main cause of the war between Iraq and Kuwait.
OR
E.g. Both sources are similar in
saying that Iraq was responsible for the outbreak of war
AND
E.g. Both sources are different in
their reasons that led to the outbreak of the war.
|
3-4
|
L4
|
Similarity AND Difference in Content,
supported.
Award 5 marks for 1
similarity/difference, supported and explained.
Award 6 marks for similarity and
difference, supported and explained.
E.g. Both sources are similar in
saying that oil was the main cause of the war between Iraq and Kuwait. Source B states that “ Iraq accused Kuwait of using advanced drilling techniques
to exploit oil from its share of the Rumaila field” AND Source C states that
“thus potentially settling differences over oil policy between Kuwait and
Iraq”
OR
E.g. Both sources are similar in
saying that Iraq was responsible for the outbreak of war because it already
had the intention to attack Kuwait / Iraq was aggressive towards
Kuwait. Source B states that “Several foreign firms working in the Rumaila
field also dismissed Iraq's slant-drilling claims as a way to disguise Iraq's
more ambitious intentions.” AND Source C states that “potentially settling
differences over oil policy between Kuwait and Iraq. At the time of the
settlement, more than 100,000 Iraqi troops were deployed along the
Iraq-Kuwait border.”
AND
E.g. Both sources are different in their
reasons that led to the outbreak of the war. Source B states that “Iraq accused
Kuwait of using advanced drilling techniques to exploit oil from its share of
the Rumaila field.” This means that territorial dispute / Kuwait’s stealing
of oil was a reason that led to the outbreak of the war. BUT Source C states that “OPEC officials
said that Kuwait and the United Arab Emirates had agreed to a proposal to
limit daily oil output to 1.5 million barrels, thus potentially settling
differences over oil policy between Kuwait and Iraq.” This means that
overproduction of oil was a reason that led to the outbreak of the war.
|
5-6
|
L5
|
Similarity
/Difference in purpose of the sources.
Award 7 marks for a weak purpose,
supported.
Award 8 marks for purpose,
supported.
E.g. The purposes of the sources are
similar. Both are trying to
convince the international community / criticise that Iraq was responsible
for the outbreak of the war because Iraq wanted to control Kuwait’s oil
supply so that the international community will condemn Iraq actions and
pressurise them to withdraw Iraqi troops from Kuwait.
|
7-8
|
(c) Study Source D.
Why
was this source published? Explain your answer. [7]
L1
|
Describing
the source/ Misinterpretation of source.
|
1
|
L2
|
Inference/s,
Unsupported.
Award 2m for 1
inference, unsupported / 1 inference with weak explanation.
Award 3m for 2
inferences, unsupported / inferences with weak explanations OR 1 inference,
supported and explained.
Any purpose without
explanation.
Sub-message.
E.g. I can infer that
Saddam Hussein was a tyrant / dictator in his rule.
E.g. I can
infer that Iraq was responsible for the outbreak of the war.
E.g. I can infer that
Saddam Hussein would use violence to achieve his ulterior motives/
objectives.
|
2-3
|
L3
|
Message/Motive
(Reasons), supported.
Award 4m for 1
message/motive, supported / explained.
Award 5m for 2
messages/motives, supported / explained.
E.g. The source was published to condemn/ criticise Iraq for being responsible
for the outbreak of the war because Iraq had an ulterior motive to control
the oil producing countries including Kuwait in the Middle East. The cartoon
caption states “And then, if they still do nothing, you gobble up another
neighbor.”
E.g. The source was published to condemn/ criticise Saddam Hussein for using violence to achieve his
ulterior motives / objectives because he wanted to control other Arab
countries. The cartoon depicts Saddam Hussein in military uniform with a
skull that represents ‘death’.
|
4-5
|
L4
|
Detects the purpose of the source.
Award 6m
for weak purpose, supported.
Award 7m
for valid purpose, supported.
e.g. The source was published to condemn/ criticise Iraq for
being responsible for the outbreak of
the war because Iraq had an ulterior motive to control the oil producing
countries including Kuwait in the Middle East / Iraq was
violent/ambitious/aggressive because Saddam Hussein wanted to be the leader
of the Arab world. As a result, the international community will condemn Iraq
actions and pressurise them to withdraw Iraqi troops from Kuwait. The cartoon caption states “And then, if they still
do nothing, you gobble up another neighbor.’
|
6-7
|
(d) Study
Source E.
How useful is
this source in understanding Saddam Hussein’s intention in attacking Kuwait?
Explain your answer. [8]
L1
|
Useful/Not Useful, based on Provenance. Wrong Interpretation.
|
1
|
L2
|
Useful/Not Useful,
unsupported, or bias.
|
2
|
L3
|
Useful/ Not Useful, in
Content, supported.
Award 3 marks for 1 utility,
supported, up to 4 marks for .
E.g. Source E is useful because it help
us to understand Saddam Hussein’s intention in attacking
Kuwait as he claimed that Kuwait was part of Iraqi territory. Therefore,
Kuwait rightfully belongs to Iraq. The source states that “Kuwait is part of Iraqi territory
that was severed at some point in the past by the British occupation
authorities”.
OR
E.g. Source E is not useful because it
is biased/ one-sided. It only says that Saddam Hussein attacked Kuwait as it
claimed that it was part of Iraq does not mention other ulterior intentions
for Saddam’s invasion of Kuwait.
|
3-4
|
L4
|
Useful AND Not Useful,
in Content, supported. Both of L3.
Award 5 marks for a weak utility
response
|
5-6
|
L5
|
Useful AND Not Useful,
supported, with valid cross-referencing.
Award 7 marks for answers that cross
referred to one source.
Award 8 marks that cross referred to
two sources.
E.g. Source E is useful because it help
us to understand Saddam Hussein’s intention in attacking
Kuwait as he claimed that Kuwait was part of Iraqi territory. Therefore,
Kuwait rightfully belongs to Iraq. The source states that “Kuwait is part of Iraqi territory
that was severed at some point in the past by the British occupation
authorities”.
Source E is supported by the
background information which states that the
“Iraq–Kuwait dispute involved Iraqi claims to Kuwait as Iraqi territory”.
This means that Kuwait was historically part of Iraq and therefore Saddam had
a rightful claim over Kuwait.
Thus, the
source is useful.
OR
E.g. Source E is not useful because it
is biased/ one-sided. It does not mention other intentions for Saddam’s
invasion of Kuwait.
Source E is opposed by Source B
which states that “Several foreign firms working in the Rumaila field also
dismissed Iraq's slant-drilling claims as a way to disguise Iraq's more
ambitious intentions”. This means that Saddam had an ulterior motive of
invading Kuwait to gain control of the oil supply.
Thus, the source is not useful.
|
7-8
|
1 (e) Study Source F.
Can you believe the claim made in this source? Explain your answer. [7] |
|
Section B (Structured-Essay Questions)
Transnational
Terrorism
a) Explain how
international efforts help to manage terrorism. Explain your answer. [5]
Level
|
Descriptors/Examples
|
Marks
|
L1
|
Writes about
managing terrorism.
E.g. with no
description/explanation of international efforts.
|
1
|
L2
|
Describe
international efforts.
Award the higher mark in the level
for more fully developed answers.
|
2-3
|
L3
|
Explains how international efforts help to manage terrorism.
i.e. shows link between
international efforts and managing terrorism.
Award the higher mark in the level
for more fully developed answers.
International efforts (given
factor)
After
the Sept 11 terrorist attacks, UN involved its member countries by passing a
series of resolutions, such as freezing the financial assets of terrorists
and their supporters, to stop terrorism. The UN set up a Counter-Terrorism Committee to
monitor member countries’ adherence to the solutions as well as to strengthen
the counter-terrorism capacity of UN member states. Thus, international’s efforts help to manage terrorism
because member countries have managed to freeze more than US$200 million of
terrorist funds and arrested more than 4000 terrorist suspects. However, terrorists continue to recruit and
influence people to their cause because ideas promoting terrorism are still
widely available on the Internet. As a result, there must be continuing and pervasive efforts to
denounce these ideas and prevent people from falling for them.
|
4-5
|
b) Explain two other
measures that help to manage terrorism. Which of them do you think is more effective?
Explain your answer. [10]
Level
|
Descriptors/Examples
|
Marks
|
L1
|
Identifies other measure(s) that help
to manage terrorism.
Award 1 mark for identifying one measure and 2 marks for identifying
another measure.
|
1-2
|
L2
|
Describes other measure(s) that help
to manage terrorism
Award 3
marks for describing one factor and an additional mark for describing another
factor.
|
3-4
|
L3
|
Explains one other factor that helps to
manage terrorism.
i.e. shows link between factor and managing
terrorism
Award 5m for an explanation of one factor and an
additional mark for any supporting details.
ASEAN’s
efforts
ASEAN governments have pledged their determination to cooperate
against transnational terrorists through joint police and intelligence
measures. In 2002, the
Philippines authority arrested JI bomb-maker (Fathur Rohman Al-Ghozi) based
on the information provided by Singapore. Fathur had been involved in the
bombing of a Light Railway Train in Manila in 2000, which killed 22 people.
Thus, ASEAN’s efforts help to manage
terrorism because there is a platform for enhanced exchange of
information and intelligence on terrorists and terrorist attacks among member
countries. As a result, there is an increased level of vigilance among member
countries against acts of terrorism regionally.
Nurturing an environment against terrorism
E.g. All
members of the society have a role to play in countering the threat of
terrorism. Terrorist narratives are typically founded on ideas of hate and
enmity. Many of these ideas also glorify the use of violence, and instigate
and falsely sanction a person to commit such acts. Thus, nurturing an environment against terrorism helps to manage terrorism
because if the society firmly and actively rejects ideas propagated by
terrorists, we will be able to deny the terrorists space in society. As a
result, terrorists will find difficulty in spreading their influence and
gaining support for their terrorist attacks.
|
5-6
|
L4
|
L3 plus
Explains another measure that helps to
manage terrorism.
Award 7
marks for an explanation of a second factor and an additional mark for any
supporting details.
|
7-8
|
L5
|
L4 plus
explains relative effectiveness of the two chosen measures in managing
terrorism.
i.e. Not
just why they are effective, but explains why one is more, and the other is
less effective. (Next line): Award the higher mark in the level for more
developed answers.
In my opinion, nurturing an environment that censures terrorism is more
significant than regional efforts to manage transnational terrorism in terms
of its effectiveness in managing terrorism.
The former helps to eliminate the root of terrorism by ensuring that
it does not gain a foothold in the society so people are more aware of the
negative impact of terrorism and not be influenced by these ideas. By making
it clear that terrorism is wrong, more people will be able to report others
who involve themselves in terrorism. Over the long term, these countries may
get rid of transnational terrorism. However regional efforts have limitations
as terrorists are constantly recruiting members and actively carrying out
their activities. There can be shortcomings as not all countries involved may
cooperate fully or have the competency to track and counter terrorists’
activities, and hence may not be as effective in the long run as nurturing an
environment that censures terrorism within a country which can eliminate the
root of terrorism.
|
9-10
|
Sustaining Economic Development in a Globalising World
a) Explain the economic
benefits of globalisation on Singapore. [5]
Level
|
Descriptors/Examples
|
Marks
|
L1
|
Writes about
globalisation in Singapore.
E.g. with no
description/explanation of economic benefits on Singapore.
|
1
|
L2
|
Describe
the economic benefits on
Singapore.
Award the higher mark in the level
for more fully developed answers.
|
2-3
|
L3
|
Explains how globalisation benefits Singapore economically.
i.e. Shows links between economic
benefits and Singapore.
Award the higher mark in the level
for more fully developed answers.
Economic benefits on
Singapore (given factor)
Improvement in standard of living means that people
are leading a better quality of life.
(1) With foreign investments in the
country, government can make good use of additional revenue for education,
health, housing and transportation. The average household income for
Singapore has increased from $5947 in 2000 to $9618 in 2011.
(2) In a supermarket, one can choose
from local brands or those imported from other parts of the world.
As a result, improvement in the standard of living benefits
Singapore economically because
this has led to more lifestyle choices for the people. Thus, people will be
able to enjoy a better quality of life and live comfortably.
|
4-5
|
b) Explain two other
benefits of globalisation on Singapore. Which of them do you think is more significant? [10]
Level
|
Descriptors/Examples
|
Marks
|
L1
|
Identifies other benefit(s) of globalisation on Singapore.
Award 1 mark for identifying one benefit and 2 marks for identifying
another benefit.
|
1-2
|
L2
|
Describes other benefit(s) of globalisation on
Singapore.
Award 3
marks for describing one factor and an additional mark for describing another
factor.
|
3-4
|
L3
|
Explains one other benefit of globalisation on
Singapore.
i.e. Shows links between factor and benefits on
Singapore
Award 5m for an explanation of one factor and an
additional mark for any supporting details.
Social
benefit
Globalisation has changed the way people
live their lives and exposed them to other cultures positively. People can
learn about the history, culture and way of life of people around the world
through travelling, surfing the Internet and watching foreign movies. Thus, increased awareness of foreign culture
benefits Singapore because people have better knowledge of other cultures around the
world. As a result, people are able to understand and accommodate to others’
beliefs and way of life.
Environmental benefit
Governments implement measures to preserve the
environment and ensure sustainable development. Alternative energy sources
such as wind, solar and geothermal power can provide a small proportion of
the world’s energy needs. Countries face challenges in sourcing for available
alternative energy sources to generate power for use. Thus, the environmental impact of globalisation
benefits Singapore as this
caused an increase in awareness of environmental management in Singapore to
preserve the environment. As a result, the future generations can continue to
use the resources to generate income and enjoy high standards of living.
|
5-6
|
L4
|
L3 plus Explains another benefit of
globalisation on Singapore.
Award 7
marks for an explanation of a second factor and an additional mark for any
supporting details.
|
7-8
|
L5
|
L4 plus
explains relative significance of the two chosen benefits on Singapore.
i.e. Not
just why they are significant, but explains why one is more, and the other is
less significant. (Next line): Award the higher mark in the level for more
developed answers.
In my opinion, environmental benefit is more significant than social
benefit in terms of long term impact on Singapore.
The former results in a more effective use of resources and increased
awareness of environmental degradation which is especially important to
Singapore due to her lack of natural resources. These help to preserve the
environment by promotion of growth through improvement of income and
education. As a result, preserving the environment will lead to social
benefit such as the future generations can continue to enjoy quality living
and travel around the world without any environmental constraints. They can
also continue to generate income from the resources and use it to travel
around the world and enhance their knowledge of different cultures.
|
9-10
|
Answers to Practice 4( Has IS become a threat to the world?)
Source-Based
Question
1a. Study
Source A.
Why did the cartoonist draw
this cartoon? Explain your answer. [6]
|
L1
|
Description
only
e.g. The cartoon shows an EU
passport and USA passport.
|
1
|
|
L2
|
Message or
Impact, unsupported (Never quote)
2m if
AVA(Author, verb, audience) is not right
3m if AVA
is right
e.g. The cartoonist draws this cartoon
to warn the world that the ISIS threat is spreading as they are able to
recruit members from these developed countries as well.
OR
e.g. The cartoonist hopes that the
governments around the world, especially USA and Europe, to pay more
attention to the activities of ISIS militants within their homelands and take
the necessary precaution.
|
2-3
|
|
L3
|
Message or
Impact, supported
4m if
AVA(Author, verb, audience) is not right
5m if AVA
is right
e.g. The cartoonist draws this
cartoon to warn the world that the ISIS threat is spreading as they are able
to recruit members from these developed countries as well. From Source A, we
can see that the word ISIS is spelt with the passport of USA and EU, which
tells me that people from USA and Europe are joining ISIS in their terrorism
activities.
OR
e.g. The cartoonist hopes that the
governments around the world, especially USA and Europe, to pay more
attention to the activities of ISIS militants within their homelands and take
the necessary precaution. From Source A, we can see that the word ISIS is
spelt with the passport of USA and EU, which tells me that people from USA
and Europe are joining ISIS in their terrorism activities.
|
4-5
|
|
L4
|
Explains
purpose, with support
6m for
well-explained purpose, supported with clear evidence
e.g. The cartoonist draws this
cartoon to warn the world that the ISIS threat is spreading as they are able
to recruit members from these developed countries as well. From Source A, we
can see that the word ISIS is spelt with the passport of USA and EU, which
tells me that people from USA and Europe are joining ISIS in their terrorism
activities. The cartoonist hopes that the governments around the world,
especially USA and Europe, to pay more attention to the activities of ISIS
militants within their homelands and take the necessary precaution.
|
6
|
1b. Study
Source B and C.
How different
are Sources B and C? Explain your answer. [7]
|
L1
|
Similarity/difference
of provenance/source type/topic
e.g. Both sources are about the
activities of ISIS.
e.g. Source C is a comment made by
an American general but Source D is a comment made by a Libyan army officer.
|
1
|
|
L2
|
False
matching
i.e.
claiming a difference because one source says something which the other
source does not say.
e.g. Source B shows ISIS is pushed
back but Source C does not, so they are different.
|
2
|
|
L3
|
Similarity
OR difference of content, unsupported
i.e. Did a basis of comparison
correctly but did not quote from both sources.
e.g Both Source B and C are similar
because both sources indicate that different governments need to work
together in order to eradicate the threat of ISIS.
|
3
|
|
L4
|
Similarity
OR difference of content, supported (Quote from BOTH sources)
i.e. direct
matching of content to make comparisons. Look for linking words such as
‘however’, ‘similarly’ etc.
Award
higher mark in level for more fully developed answers.
e.g Both Source B and C are similar
because both sources indicate that different governments need to work
together in order to eradicate the threat of ISIS. As seen from Source B, the
article mentions that “assault by Kurdish militia that cost the lives of 1000
fighters….US and several Arab allies have been targeting ISIS positions” and
similarly in Source C it also mentions “Libya needs weapons and ammunitions
from Western leaders to take out ISIS”
OR
e.g.
Source B and Source C are different because Source B indicates that the ISIS
threat have been contained but Source C indicates that ISIS threat have not
been resolved and could worsen if nothing is done. This can be seen in Source
B as it mentions that “the failure to capture Kobani was a major blow to Isis.” However Source C says “The militants will head with the illegal
migrants to Europe, where corruption and destruction will spread just like
Libya.”
|
4 – 5
|
|
L5
|
Similarity
AND difference of content
Award 6
marks for well-supported similarity and difference.
|
6
|
|
L6
|
Differences
of purpose of sources
e.g. The purpose of Source B and C
are different because the purpose of the general in Source B is to convince
the readers that the ISIS threat has been managed and contained by US. The
general wants the world to know that the threat of ISIS are not as serious as
it seems and want people to continue to trust US government in handling the
situation. The evidence can be seen from Source B as it mentions that “The
failure to capture Kobani was a major blow to Isis. Their hopes for an easy
victory dissolved into a costly siege under relentless air strikes by
coalition forces and an assault by Kurdish militia”. However, the purpose of the top
Libyan army officer is to convince the Western governments that the threat of
ISIS could be worldwide if not controlled. The evidence from Source C is “Islamic
State fighters will infiltrate Europe next if the militant group is not
forced out of Libya.” The Libyan
officer wants the western governments to do take more concrete actions and
provide more support to Libya in the fight against ISIS.
|
7
|
1c. Study
Source D.
How useful is Source D in helping you
to understand the threat of ISIS? Explain your answer. [7]
|
L1
|
Provenance/Undeveloped
assertions about provenance
e.g. It is not useful because it is
just an article from Daily Mail.
|
1
|
|
L2
|
Misinterpretation
of Source
- Sees the threat increasing rather
than being curbed.
e.g. It is useful in showing that
the threat of ISIS is growing because it shows that Al- Baghdadi is a threat to the world.
|
2
|
|
L3
|
Useful OR
Not useful, not supported
Award the
higher mark in the level for more fully developed answers.
e.g Source D is useful in showing
that the threat of ISIS is curbed because ISIS has lost an important
personnel in their organisation.
OR
e.g. Source D is not useful in
showing the threat of ISIS because it is just an area that ISIS has lost.
|
3
|
|
L4
|
Useful OR
Not Useful, supported
- Note: Accept Source D is useful as
it shows that the threat of ISIS is due to the leadership that they have.
e.g Source D is useful in showing that the threat of
ISIS is curbed because ISIS has lost an important personnel in their
organisation. Source D mentions that “, Al-Sufi's death is a blow to the ISIS
hierarchy.” This shows that the threat of ISIS has been diminished.
OR
e.g. Source D is not useful in
showing the threat of ISIS because it is just an area that ISIS has lost. It
only mentions that ISIS lost the town of Mosul but did not mention whether
ISIS forces have been eradicated or reduced in numbers.
|
4
|
|
L5
|
Useful AND
Not Useful, supported
|
5
|
|
L6
|
L4 + Cross
referencing to other sources
Award the
higher mark in the level for Cross Referencing to both sides.
e.g. Source D is useful in showing
that the threat of ISIS is curbed because ISIS has lost an important
personnel in their organisation. Source D mentions that “, Al-Sufi's death is
a blow to the ISIS hierarchy.” Cross-referencing to Source F, it supports
Source D because Source F shows that ISIS influences is actually spreading
worldwide. This can be seen from “Baghdadi has
already accepted pledges of allegiance from other jihadist groups in the
Middle East, Afghanistan, Pakistan and North Africa.” Since Source F supports Source
D, it makes Source D more credible and therefore useful.
|
6-7
|
1d. Study
Source E.
How far can you trust
Source E about the threat posed by ISIS? Explain your answer. [7]
|
L1
|
Provenance/Undeveloped
assertions about provenance
e.g. I can trust Source E because it
comes from ISIS itself.
|
1
|
|
L2
|
Reliable OR
Not reliable
Award the
higher mark in the level for more fully developed answers.
e.g I can trust Source E about the
threat of ISIS because it listed out the deeds done by ISIS. This can be seen
in the report the amount of military operations such as 78 suicide vehicle
bombs conducted by ISIS in 2013.
OR
e.g. I cannot trust Source E about
the threat of ISIS because it comes from ISIS and is one-sided as it did not
show any difficulties that ISIS is facing and did not highlight the failures
of ISIS operations.
|
2 - 3
|
|
L3
|
Reliable
AND Not Reliable
|
4
|
|
L4
|
L3 + Cross
referencing to other sources
Award the
higher mark in the level for cross referencing to both sides.
e.g. I can trust Source E about the
threat of ISIS because it listed out the a lot of deeds done by ISIS. This
can be seen in the report the amount of military operations such as 78
suicide vehicle bombs conducted by ISIS in 2013. Cross-referencing to Source
C, it further supports Source E because Source C also explained how the
threat of ISIS is growing. Source C mentions that “The
militants will head with the illegal migrants to Europe, where corruption and
destruction will spread just like Libya”. Since Source C supports Source E, it makes
Source E more credible and therefore I can trust Source E.
e.g. I cannot trust Source E
about the threat of ISIS because it comes from ISIS and is one-sided as it
did not show any difficulties that ISIS is facing and did not highlight the
failures of ISIS operations. Cross-referencing to Source B, it challenges
Source E because Source B shows that ISIS are suffering a setback in their
fight. Source B mentions that “The failure to capture Kobani was a major blow to Isis.
Their hopes for an easy victory dissolved into a costly siege under
relentless air strikes by coalition forces..” Since Source
B challenges Source E, it makes Source D less credible and therefore I cannot
trust Source E.
|
5 - 6
|
|
L5
|
Not
reliable because of purpose
Award the
higher mark in the level for more fully developed answers.
I cannot trust Source E as it is
written by ISIS itself. This report was taken from ISIS and it only listed
out the various “achievements” of ISIS without mentioning the area where ISIS
have failed. It is trying to make ISIS look good so as to please the ISIS
financial backers and also to demonstrate to the world that ISIS is a force
to be reckoned with and would be appealing for others to join them.
|
7-8
|
1e. Study
Source F.
Can Source F prove that
ISIS is a big threat to the world? Explain your answer. [7]
|
L1
|
Provenance/Undeveloped
assertions about provenance
e.g. Source F cannot prove that ISIS
is a big threat because it comes an unknown source.
|
1
|
|
L2
|
Reliable OR
Not reliable, unsupported
Award the
higher mark in the level for more fully developed answers.
e.g Source F cannot prove that ISIS
is a big threat because it only show a group joining forces with them.
OR
e.g. Source F can prove that ISIS is
a big threat because the ISIS influences spread beyond Middle East.
|
2 - 3
|
|
L3
|
Reliable OR
Not Reliable, supported
Award Lower mark if never explain
quote properly and weak answers.
Award the
higher mark in the level for more fully developed answers.
e.g Source F cannot prove that ISIS
is a big threat because it only show a group joining forces with them. Source
F mentions that “pledge of allegiance from Nigerian-based Boko Haram has been
accepted by ISIS leader”. However that is just one group and Boko Haram may
not be adding much to the threat of ISIS.
OR
e.g. Source F can prove that ISIS is
a big threat because the ISIS influences spread beyond Middle East. Source F
mentions that “Baghdadi has already accepted pledges
of allegiance from other jihadist groups in the Middle East, Afghanistan,
Pakistan and North Africa.” This shows that ISIS have supporters beyond
Middle East and could extend its operations worldwide.
|
4-5
|
|
L4
|
L3 + Cross
referencing to other sources
Award Lower mark if never explain
quote properly and weak answers.
Award the
higher mark in the level for more fully developed answers.
e.g Source F cannot prove that ISIS
is a big threat because it only show a group joining forces with them. Source
F mentions that “pledge of allegiance from Nigerian-based Boko Haram has been
accepted by ISIS leader”. However that is just one group and Boko Haram may
not be adding much to the threat of ISIS. Cross reference to Source D, it
challenges Source F that threat of ISIS is big because Source D shows that
ISIS has been weakened. Source D mentions that “While the significance of
Al-Sufi's death for Al-Baghdadi and ISIS is not yet clear, the loss of his
right-hand man cannot be underestimated” Thus when Source D challenges Source
F, it makes Source F less credible and therefore Source F cannot prove that
ISIS is a big threat.
OR
e.g. Source F can prove that ISIS is
a big threat because the ISIS influences spread beyond Middle East. Source F
mentions that “Baghdadi has already accepted
pledges of allegiance from other jihadist groups in the Middle East,
Afghanistan, Pakistan and North Africa.” This shows that ISIS have supporters
beyond Middle East and could extend its operations worldwide. Cross reference
to Source C, it supports Source F by agreeing that the spread of ISIS
influences could extend worldwide. Source C mentions that “Islamic State fighters will infiltrate Europe next if the
militant group is not forced out of Libya”. Thus when Source C
supports Source F, it makes Source F more credible and therefore Source F can
prove that ISIS is a big threat.
|
6-7
|
Section B (SEQ)
2(a) Explain how important are international efforts to combat
terrorism and ensure security for the country. [5]
|
Levels
|
Descriptions
|
Marks
|
|
L1
|
Writes about international
efforts
i.e. with no
description/explanation of how it is important.
|
1
|
|
L2
|
Describes how “international efforts” is an important for
combating terrorism and ensure security.
Award the
higher mark in the level for more fully developed answers.
e.g. International measures’ are important in
combating terrorism and ensure security for the country. The Counter Terrorism Committee set up by the UN proves
to be a failure. It was set up to ensure that all countries in the UN play
their part in fighting the increasing trend of global terrorism by freezing
any terrorist funds and by exchanging any information that may lead to an
arrest of any terrorist organization. It had led to many arrests of
terrorists as well as s huge amount of terrorist funds have been frozen.
|
2 – 3
|
|
L3
|
Explains how “international effort” is important for
combating terrorism and ensure security.
Award the
higher mark in the level for more fully developed answers
International measures’ are important in combating terrorism and
ensure security for the country. The Counter Terrorism
Committee set up by the UN proves to be a failure. It was set up to ensure
that all countries in the UN play their part in fighting the increasing trend
of global terrorism by freezing any terrorist funds and by exchanging any
information that may lead to an arrest of any terrorist organization. It had
led to many arrests of terrorists as well as s huge amount of terrorist funds
have been frozen. This will definitely handicapped the terrorist
organisations and made it more difficult for them to organise any terrorist
activities. However, it took a long
time for the economic sanction to be felt which is not at all successful.
|
4 – 5
|
2 (b) Explain two other measures that
can combat terrorism and to ensure security for the country. Which of the measures is more effective? Explain your answer. [10]
|
L1
|
Identifies
other measures that can combat terrorism.
Award 1 mark
for identifying one approach and 2 marks for identifying two approaches.
e.g. Two other approaches are the: ‘international
measures’ and ‘regional measures’.
|
1 – 2
|
|
L2
|
Describes other measures
Award 3 marks for describing one measure and an
additional mark for additional details.
Award 5 marks for describing another measure
e.g.
‘Regional measures’ are
important in combating terrorism and ensure security for the country. ASEAN
leaders view terrorism as a direct challenge to the achievement of peace,
progress and prosperity in ASEAN. Thus in Nov 2001, ASEAN leaders adopted the 2001 ASEAN Declaration on Joint Action to
Counter Terrorism. They agreed to improve information and intelligence
exchange on terrorists and terrorist activities. For example, in 2002, the
Philippine police force arrested JI bomb-maker Fathur Rohman Al Ghozi, based
on information provided to them by the Singapore govt. Fathur had been
involved in the bombing of the Light Railway Train in Manila in 2000, which
killed 22 people. He was also a lead character in the Al-Qaeda plot to bomb
Western targets in Singapore, and at the time of his arrest, he was in
possession of explosives meant for the attacks in Singapore.
OR/AND
e.g. National efforts by the government are important in
combating terrorism and ensure security in Singapore. The Singapore Government has increased
spending in response to growing terrorist threats with increased security
deployments at strategic locations such as ports, airports, transport
systems, business and entertainment districts and embassies to prevent
terrorist attacks. This means that additional fiscal expenditure has to be
set aside for emergency exercises such as the SCDF Exercise Northstar which
involved more than 2000 personnel from 22 agencies simulating bomb explosions
and chemical attacked. While these exercises are necessary preparation
measures, they nevertheless incur planning cost and actual economic cost as
13 MRT stations were closed and train service disrupted for three hours. The
Singapore Government is hard-pressed to introduce legislation that will protect
its citizens by allowing police and intelligence agencies to impose
inconvenient measures and conduct checks on individuals and visitors.
Singapore adopted IATA guidelines on restrictions liquids in carry-on luggage
for air travellers causing much inconvenience to personal freedom. More
intensive immigration checkpoint security has resulted in intrusive
surveillance and consequently delays in immigration clearance.
|
3 – 5
|
|
L3
|
Explains two
other measures
Award 6 marks
for an explanation of one other measure, 7 marks for explanation of another measure
and additional marks for any supporting detail up to 8 marks.
e.g.
‘Regional measures’ are
important in combating terrorism and ensure security for the country. ASEAN
leaders view terrorism as a direct challenge to the achievement of peace,
progress and prosperity in ASEAN. Thus in Nov 2001, ASEAN leaders adopted the 2001 ASEAN Declaration on Joint Action to
Counter Terrorism. They agreed to improve information and intelligence
exchange on terrorists and terrorist activities. For example, in 2002, the
Philippine police force arrested JI bomb-maker Fathur Rohman Al Ghozi, based
on information provided to them by the Singapore govt. Fathur had been
involved in the bombing of the Light Railway Train in Manila in 2000, which
killed 22 people. He was also a lead character in the Al-Qaeda plot to bomb
Western targets in Singapore, and at the time of his arrest, he was in
possession of explosives meant for the attacks in Singapore. This has helped member countries to detect terrorist activities on
their soil and enable the member countries to react in time to stop
the terrorist attacks from happening, thus preventing casualties and damages
to the infrastructures.
AND/OR
National efforts by the government
are important in combating terrorism and ensure security in Singapore. The Singapore Government has increased
spending in response to growing terrorist threats with increased security
deployments at strategic locations such as ports, airports, transport
systems, business and entertainment districts and embassies to prevent
terrorist attacks. This means that additional fiscal expenditure has to be
set aside for emergency exercises such as the SCDF Exercise Northstar which involved
more than 2000 personnel from 22 agencies simulating bomb explosions and
chemical attacked. While these exercises are necessary preparation measures,
they nevertheless incur planning cost and actual economic cost as 13 MRT
stations were closed and train service disrupted for three hours. The
Singapore Government is hard-pressed to introduce legislation that will
protect its citizens by allowing police and intelligence agencies to impose
inconvenient measures and conduct checks on individuals and visitors.
Singapore adopted IATA guidelines on restrictions liquids in carry-on luggage
for air travellers causing much inconvenience to personal freedom. More
intensive immigration checkpoint security has resulted in intrusive
surveillance and consequently delays in immigration clearance. Such measures at national level is
necessary because the local authority should be the most aware of the
situation on the ground and be vigilant in the fight against terrorism, the
chances of terrorism happening would be lowered. Also, terrorists may be
deterred from carrying out their operations if they knew that the country is
well prepared and makes it difficult for the terrorists.
|
6 – 8
|
|
L4
|
Relative
importance of factors
Award 9 marks
for conclusion and comparison of the importance of factors and an additional
mark for any supporting detail.
In managing transnational terrorism, the efforts at national levels
have greater success than regional efforts. National efforts have greater
success because they tend to be more sensitive and knowledgeable about local
cultures and practices, which is important in dealing with terrorist organisations
and activities. Regional efforts take an umbrella approach which does not consider
localised conditions, hence making them less effective and successful. However,
despite regional and national efforts, the international community has not
been completely successful in getting rid of the threat of transnational
terrorism. The reasons include the ability of terrorists to evade security
restrictions imposed by governments, and more importantly, terrorists’
ability to continually recruit new operatives. Indeed, the terrorists
continue to be able to recruit and influence people to their cause because
ideas promoting terrorism and violence continue to be widely available, such
as through the Internet. There must therefore be continuing and pervasive
efforts to denounce these ideas and prevent people from falling for them.
|
9 – 10
|
3(a) Explain how diversifying the economy in an important strategy
for Singapore’s globalization. [5]
|
Levels
|
Descriptions
|
Marks
|
|
L1
|
Writes about diversifying economy
i.e. with no
description/explanation of how it is important for Singapore’s globalisation.
|
1
|
|
L2
|
Describes how diversifying
economy is an important
strategy for Singapore to manage globalisation.
Award the
higher mark in the level for more fully developed answers.
e.g Singapore aspires to be Centre for
technology-intensive, high value-added manufacturing activities such as
Chemical engineering and pharmaceuticals.
Singapore is also venturing into Life Science and A*STAR was set up
for R&D. Institute of IMCB was
established in 1987 to support biomedical R&D in Singapore. Singapore also attracts TNCs to set up high
value-added manufacturing activities such as Seagate. It helps to generate jobs and affirms
Singapore’s position as manufacturing hub.
Singapore also aims to be educational hub. International universities such as Stanford
University have set up branches in Singapore.
This creates a strong university sector that attracts talent. Singapore also aims to be tourism hub. 2 Integrated Resorts (IRs) will be built in
Marina Bay and Sentosa. As Singapore
cannot provide natural attractions, we have to man-made attractions. Hong Kong opened Disneyland in 2005 and
Singapore will soon be losing out if we do not do anything to attract
tourists.
|
2 – 3
|
|
L3
|
Explains how diversifying
economy is an
important strategy for Singapore to manage globalisation.
Award the
higher mark in the level for more fully developed answers
e.g. Diversifying economy
is an important strategy for Singapore to manage globalisation. Singapore
aspires to be Centre for technology-intensive, high value-added manufacturing
activities such as Chemical engineering and pharmaceuticals. Singapore is also venturing into Life
Science and A*STAR was set up for R&D.
Institute of IMCB was established in 1987 to support biomedical
R&D in Singapore. Singapore also
attracts TNCs to set up high value-added manufacturing activities such as
Seagate. It helps to generate jobs and
affirms Singapore’s position as manufacturing hub. Singapore also aims to be educational
hub. International universities such
as Stanford University have set up branches in Singapore. This creates a strong university sector
that attracts talent. Singapore also
aims to be tourism hub. 2 Integrated
Resorts (IRs) will be built in Marina Bay and Sentosa. As Singapore cannot provide natural
attractions, we have to man-made attractions.
Hong Kong opened Disneyland in 2005 and Singapore will soon be losing
out if we do not do anything to attract tourists. The impact of diversifying the economy
is that developing many sectors of the economy will reduce Singapore’s
dependence on a single industry.
Should any sector of the economy slow down, the other sectors can
continue to generate revenue.
|
4 – 5
|
3(b) Explain two other strategies for
Singapore’s globalization. Which strategies is more effective? Explain your
answer. [10]
|
L1
|
Identifies two other strategies for
Singapore’s globalization.
Award 1 mark
for identifying one factor and 2 marks for identifying two factors.
e.g. Two other
strategies are
‘nurturing growth of SME’ and
‘venture abroad’.
|
1 – 2
|
|
L2
|
Describes other factors
Award 3 marks for describing one factor and an
additional mark for additional details.
Award 5 marks for describing another factor.
e.g.
Nurturing growth of SMEs is
important because they are important job providers for locals, such as Polar
Café. SMEs also support the operations
of TNCs by supplying them with components in the manufacturing process. They also enhance the attractiveness of
Singapore as a regional manufacturing and services hub. However, Many SMEs are not successful
because they are not able to compete with big corporations. They also do not
have the expertise in using advanced technology. There is also a shortage of skilled
professionals as many SMEs are family business. SMEs also face small domestic market as
they do not have the capital to venture abroad. To ensure SMEs continue to contribute to
Singapore’s economy, bank loan schemes are provided. Association of Small and Medium Enterprises
(ASME) was set up in 1986 to provide help to SMEs. New companies have tax exemption by the
government on their first $100 000 for 3 years.
OR/AND
e.g. Singaporeans are
encouraged to venture abroad and
regionalize. Singapore provides
expertise and capital to develop industrial parks in host countries. In return, host countries provide land and
labour for Singapore.
OR/AND
Singapore needs to expand market reach through economic
cooperation. Singapore has a small
domestic market because of its small population. Singapore government has to sign Free Trade
Agreements (FTAs) with other countries to expand our market. Singapore also sets up Special Economic
Zones (SEZs) with other countries. SEZ
is a geographical region in a country that has less stringent economic laws
than those in other parts of the country.
SEZs are zones of rapid economic growth by using tax and business
incentives to attract foreign investment.
OR/AND
Managing
resources efficiently
is also crucial for Singapore.
Singaporeans need to continue to learn and upgrade their skills in
order to stay relevant in this globalizing world. Singapore also needs more local
entrepreneurs who are willing to take risks in their business ventures. Hence, local entrepreneurship and
technopreneurship are promoted.
Singapore government also welcomes foreign talents with good paper
qualification and specialized skills.
Foreign talent can bring in overseas business contacts. They help to create more business
opportunities and jobs in Singapore and add diversity to the cultural
landscape of Singapore and make it more cosmopolitan. Singapore must also learn to manage her
limited land resource properly.
Singapore cooperated with ASEAN on the Indonesia haze issue in
1997. At international level, Singapore
signed an international agreement that restricts the use of harmful ozone
depleting substances. People must
adopt environment-friendly ways. The
general public must be instilled with a sense of responsibility and personal
interest to keep the surrounding clean.
Students in schools are introduced to recycling and waste minimisation
programme. Clean and green week and
“Bring Your Own Bag Day” are introduced to educate the general public.
|
3 – 5
|
|
L3
|
Explains two
other strategies
Award 6 marks
for an explanation of one other strategy, 7 marks for explanation of another
strategy and additional marks for any supporting detail up to 8 marks.
e.g. Nurturing growth of SMEs is important because they are important
job providers for locals, such as Polar Café.
SMEs also support the operations of TNCs by supplying them with
components in the manufacturing process.
They also enhance the attractiveness of Singapore as a regional
manufacturing and services hub.
However, Many SMEs are not successful because they are not able to
compete with big corporations. They also do not have the expertise in using
advanced technology. There is also a
shortage of skilled professionals as many SMEs are family business. SMEs also face small domestic market as they
do not have the capital to venture abroad.
To ensure SMEs continue to contribute to Singapore’s economy, bank
loan schemes are provided. Association
of Small and Medium Enterprises (ASME) was set up in 1986 to provide help to
SMEs. New companies have tax exemption
by the government on their first $100 000 for 3 years. The impact of nurturing the growth of
SMEs is to ensure Singapore’s economic stability and less reliance on foreign
companies to generate income for the country.
OR/AND
Singaporeans are encouraged to venture abroad and regionalize. Singapore provides expertise and capital to
develop industrial parks in host countries.
In return, host countries provide land and labour for Singapore. The impact of venturing abroad promotes
regional development and political good ties.
Eg: Suzhou Industrial Park (Partnership with China). It also ensures that Singapore’s economic
growth is maintained. However,
Singaporeans may lose touch and feel less attracted to Singapore and become
less emotionally rooted.
OR/AND
Singapore needs to expand market reach through economic
cooperation. Singapore has a small
domestic market because of its small population. Singapore government has to sign Free Trade
Agreements (FTAs) with other countries to expand our market. Singapore also sets up Special Economic
Zones (SEZs) with other countries. SEZ
is a geographical region in a country that has less stringent economic laws
than those in other parts of the country.
SEZs are zones of rapid economic growth by using tax and business
incentives to attract foreign investment.
The impact of expanding market reach through economic cooperation
is to ensure economic stability and building friendly economic ties with
other countries for more business transactions.
OR/AND
Managing
resources efficiently
is also crucial for Singapore.
Singaporeans need to continue to learn and upgrade their skills in
order to stay relevant in this globalizing world. Singapore also needs more local
entrepreneurs who are willing to take risks in their business ventures. Hence, local entrepreneurship and
technopreneurship are promoted.
Singapore government also welcomes foreign talents with good paper
qualification and specialized skills.
Foreign talent can bring in overseas business contacts. They help to create more business
opportunities and jobs in Singapore and add diversity to the cultural
landscape of Singapore and make it more cosmopolitan. Singapore must also learn to manage her
limited land resource properly. Singapore
cooperated with ASEAN on the Indonesia haze issue in 1997. At international level, Singapore signed an
international agreement that restricts the use of harmful ozone depleting
substances. People must adopt
environment-friendly ways. The general
public must be instilled with a sense of responsibility and personal interest
to keep the surrounding clean.
Students in schools are introduced to recycling and waste minimisation
programme. Clean and green week and
“Bring Your Own Bag Day” are introduced to educate the general public. The impact of managing resources
efficiently is to ensure that nothing is wasted and all the resources are put
to good use in order to ensure that Singapore maximizes opportunities and
overcome challenges in a globalizing world.
|
6 – 8
|
|
L4
|
Relative
importance of factors
Award 9 marks
for conclusion and comparison of the importance of factors and an additional
mark for any supporting detail.
One can conclude that managing the
resources efficiently is the most effective because Singapore is a small
nation with limited resources. In order to expand effectively overseas, we
need to make sure that the resources in Singapore itself is effectively use
so that we can better market ourselves to the outside world.
|
9 – 10
|
4(a) Explain how foreign threats caused the fall of Venice [5]
|
Levels
|
Descriptions
|
Marks
|
|
L1
|
Writes about foreign threats.
i.e. with no
description/explanation of how it affects the country.
|
1
|
|
L2
|
Describes the foreign threats
Award the higher
mark in the level for more fully developed answers.
e.g. Another external event that
led to Venice's decline is the expansion
of the Ottoman Empire. It acquired territories along the coast of the
Adriatic Sea and launched attacks at Venetian territories. Venice had to use
its galleys to fight off these attacks, thus disrupting the use of galleys
for trading purposes. Venice also had to face the League of Cambrai, a military alliance against Venice formed by
the major powers of Europe. These states resented Venice's influence in the
region and aimed to reduce the power of Venice and divide its territories
amongst them.
|
2 – 3
|
|
L3
|
Explain how foreign threats caused the fall of
Venice.
Award the
higher mark in the level for more fully developed answers
E.g. Another external event that
led to Venice's decline is the expansion
of the Ottoman Empire. It acquired territories along the coast of the
Adriatic Sea and launched attacks at Venetian territories. Venice had to use
its galleys to fight off these attacks, thus disrupting the use of galleys
for trading purposes. Venice also had to face the League of Cambrai, a military alliance against Venice formed by
the major powers of Europe. These states resented Venice's influence in the
region and aimed to reduce the power of Venice and divide its territories
amongst them. The cost of the wars drained and weakened Venice resources,
making it difficult for Venice to sustain the military actions. It was
eventually defeated by Napoleon’s army, leading to its downfall.
|
4 – 5
|
4(b) Explain two other causes that led to the fall of Venice. Which
cause is more serious? Explain your answer.
[10]
|
L1
|
Identifies two other
causes that led to the fall of Venice.
Award 1 mark
for identifying one cause and 2 marks for identifying two causes.
e.g. Two other approaches are the: ‘political
problems and the ‘social problems’
|
1 – 2
|
|
L2
|
Describes other impacts
Award 3 marks for describing one impact and an
additional mark for additional details.
Award 5 marks for describing another impact.
e.g. Venice also faced internal
problems that were responsible for its decline. Political challenges such as the weakening of the government
due to rotation of leadership duties led to competent officers leaving office
and incompetent ones taking over their places. In the 15th
century, two nobles who were previously scholars, Nicolo da Canal and
Antonio Grimani, were appointed to lead the Navy against the Ottoman
Empire even though they lacked adequate naval expertise or military
experience. They caused Venice to sustain heavy losses in battles. Corruption
also took root in the government as nobles were willing to sell their votes
during the selection of high posts. Positions were also sold by poor nobles
to raise funds.
OR/AND
Social challenges were also internal
problems responsible for the decline of Venice. The Venetians had lived
in peace and stability for a long time and they became complacent, more
concerned about wealth than maintaining the security of the city-state. The
nobles became less involved in important matters such as the administration
and development of Venice, while indulging in lavish parties and celebrations that involved the whole city.
Gambling halls flourished and nobles became addicted to gambling.
|
3 – 5
|
|
L3
|
Explains two
other causes
Award 6 marks
for an explanation of one other cause, 7 marks for explanation of another
strategy and additional marks for any supporting detail up to 8 marks.
e.g. Venice also faced internal
problems that were responsible for its decline. Political challenges such as the weakening of the government
due to rotation of leadership duties led to competent officers leaving office
and incompetent ones taking over their places. In the 15th
century, two nobles who were previously scholars, Nicolo da Canal and
Antonio Grimani, were appointed to lead the Navy against the Ottoman
Empire even though they lacked adequate naval expertise or military
experience. They caused Venice to sustain heavy losses in battles. Corruption
also took root in the government as nobles were willing to sell their votes
during the selection of high posts. Positions were also sold by poor nobles
to raise funds. As a result, leadership was determined by how much nobles
could afford to pay and not by their leadership abilities. Thus, policies
made by incompetent leaders were for the purpose of preserving their power,
prestige and wealth, rather than for the interest of Venice and this
ultimately caused Venice's decline.
OR/AND
Social challenges were also internal
problems responsible for the decline of Venice. The Venetians had lived
in peace and stability for a long time and they became complacent, more
concerned about wealth than maintaining the security of the city-state. The
nobles became less involved in important matters such as the administration
and development of Venice, while indulging in lavish parties and celebrations that involved the whole city.
Gambling halls flourished and nobles became addicted to gambling. With the
nobles distracted and uninterested in governing the country, Venice was in a
state of decline.
|
6 – 8
|
|
L4
|
Relative
importance of factors
Award 9 marks
for conclusion and comparison of the importance of factors and an additional
mark for any supporting detail.
I feel
that internal problems such as he political challenges Venice had to face
were the most responsible for the decline of Venice. Good governance had been
vital in ensuring that Venice prospered in the past. Now with incompetent and
corrupted leaders in power, they would not place the nation's interest before
self. With them unable to implement policies to adapt to changes and maintain
security in the face of external events such as the maritime competition and
foreign threats, Venice was doomed to fall sooner or later.
|
9 – 10
|
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